Some papers have a profound and obvious influence on future research and industry applications. Patents citing these life science papers indicate their bearing on developments which have widespread health implications.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Mentoring

Merck & Co.

Met Office

Mexico

Michigan Medicine

Michigan State University

Microsoft Corporation

Ministry for Education

Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology

Ministry of Science and Technology

Monash University

Mongolia

Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

NASA

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

NIH National Cancer Institute

NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Nagasaki University

Nagoya University

Namibia

Nanjing University

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Nankai University

Nanyang Technological University

National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine

National Academy of Sciences

National Astronomical Observatories of China

National Audubon Society

National Autonomous University of Mexico

National Cancer Institute

National Center for Atmospheric Research

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

National Health and Medical Research Council

National Institute for Astrophysics

National Institute for Health Research

National Institute for Health and Medical Research

National Institute for Materials Science

National Institute for Nuclear Physics

National Institute of Informatics

National Institute of Science Education and Research

National Institutes of Health

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Polytechnic Institute

National Research Council of Italy

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience

National Science Foundation

National Science and Technology Development Agency

National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory

National Technical University of Athens

National University of Singapore

Natural History Museum of Denmark

Nature Index 360

Nature Index17_Innovation

NatureIndex16_Australia&NewZealand

NatureIndex16_Collaborations

NatureIndex16_RisingStars

NatureIndex17_China

NatureIndex17_Innovation

NatureIndex17_Japan

NatureIndex17_ScienceCities

NatureIndex17_ScienceInc

NatureIndex17_UnitedStates

NatureIndex18_China

NatureIndex18_Earth and Environmental Sciences

NatureIndex18_Japan

NatureIndex18_Rising Stars

NatureIndex18_ScienceCities

NatureIndex19_Annual Tables

NatureIndex19_Biomedical Sciences

NatureIndex19_Collaboration and big science

NatureIndex19_Japan

NatureIndex19_Materials Science

NatureIndex19_Young Universities

NatureIndex20_Annual Tables

Nepal

Netherlands

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy

New Jersey Institute of Technology

New York

New York University

New Zealand

Newcastle University

Nigeria

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

Nobel Foundation

Nobel Laureate

Nobel Prize

North America

North Korea

Northeastern University in Boston

Northumbria University

Northwestern University

Norway

Novartis

Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research

NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals

OECD

Okayama University

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Olivo Labs

Open access

Oregon Health and Science University

Oregon State University

Osaka University

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Otsuka Pharmaceutical

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology

Oxford Ethox Centre

PETRONAS University of Technology

Pakistan

Panasonic

Papua New Guinea

Paris

Paris Diderot University

Paris Science et Lettres Research University

Paris Sorbonne University (Paris 4)

Paris West University Nanterre La Défense

Paris-Sorbonne University

Peer review

Peking University

Pennsylvania State University

Perelman School of Medicine

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Peru

Pfizer

Philippines

Philipps University of Marburg

Physical sciences

Physics

Picower Institute for Learning and Memory

Pierre and Marie Curie University

Pohang University of Science and Technology

Poland

Polish Academy of Sciences

Polytechnic University of Valencia

Pompeu Fabra University

Predatory journals

Princeton University

Psychology

Public engagement

Publishing

Q&A

Qatar

Queensland University of Technology

Queen’s University Belfast

Qufu Normal University

RIKEN

RMIT University

Ragon Institute

Rankings

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

Renmin University of China

Reproducibility

Research Council of Norway

Research Impact

Research and technology

Research evaluation

Research funding

Research impact

Research integrity

Research publishing

Research publishing and publications

Research writing

Retractions

Rice University

Roche

Rockefeller University

Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science

Russia

Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Russian Academy of Sciences

Rutgers University

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology

Samsung Group

Samsung Medical Center

San Francisco State University

San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy

Sanya Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Aramco

Saudi Basic Industries Corporation

Savitribai Phule Pune University

School of Forestry and Environmental Studies

Science Foundation Ireland

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Science and technology

Science communication

Scripps Research

Scuola Superiore Sant’ Anna

Sematech Inc.

Senegal

Seoul

Seoul National University

Seton Hall University

Shaanxi Normal University

Shanghai

Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Shanghai University

Shantou University

Sharif University of Technology

Sheffield Hallam University

Shenzhen University

Sierra Leone

Simon Fraser University

Singapore

Singapore Management University

Sloan Kettering Institute

Slovenia

Social media

Sony

Sony Corporation

Soochow University

Sorbonne University

South Africa

South China Agricultural University

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology

South China University of Technology

South Korea

Southeast University

Southern African Research and Innovation Management Association

Southern University of Science and Technology

Southwest Petroleum University

Southwest Research Institute

Southwest University

Space Telescope Science Institute

Spain

Spanish National Research Council

Square Kilometre Array

Sri Lanka

Stanford School of Medicine

Stanford University

Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment

State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science

State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry

State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research

State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry

State University of Campinas

State University of New York at Stony Broo

Stellenbosch University

Stockholm University

Stony Brook University

Sudan

Sun Yat-sen University

Sungkyunkwan University

Supplement

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics

Suzuka University of Medical Science

Sweden

Swinburne University of Technology

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich

Switzerland

Syracuse University

São Paulo Research Foundation

São Paulo State University

TU Dortmund University

Taiwan

Tanzania

Tata Trusts

Technical University Berlin

Technical University of Denmark

Technical University of Munich

Technion Israel Institute of Technology

Temple University

Texas A&M University

Texas Instruments Incorporated

Texas Tech University

Thailand

The Australian Research Council

The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The Doherty Institute

The Francis Crick Institute

The Jackson Laboratory

The Netherlands

The Ohio State University

The Ottawa Hospital

The Rockefeller University

The Scripps Research Institute

The University of British Columbia

The University of Cambridge

The University of Chicago

The University of Edinburgh

The University of Hong Kong

The University of Melbourne

The University of Queensland

The University of Sheffield

The University of Sydney

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

The University of Texas at Dallas

The University of Tokyo

The University of Warwick

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Tohoku University

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Tokyo Medical University

Tokyo University of Science

Toshiba

Toyota

Translational Research Institute

Trinity College Dublin

Tsinghua University

Tufts University

Turkey

UC San Diego Health Sciences

UCL Institute of Neurology

UCLA Health

UK Biobank

UM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences

UNSW Sydney

US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

US Department of Agriculture

US Department of Energy

US Department of the Interior

US Food and Drug Administration

US Geological Survey

US National Institutes of Health

UW Medicine

Uganda

Ulm University

Ulster University

Umeå University

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

United States

Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion

Universities and research

University College Cork

University College Dublin

University College London

University Hospital Basel

University of Adelaide

University of Alabama at Birmingham

University of Alabama in Huntsville

University of Alaska Anchorage

University of Alaska Fairbanks

University of Alberta

University of Arizona

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

University of Auckland

University of Basel

University of Bath

University of Bern

University of Birmingham

University of Bordeaux

University of Brescia

University of Bristol

University of British Columbia

University of California

University of California Berkeley

University of California Davis

University of California Irvine

University of California Los Angeles

University of California San Diego

University of California San Francisco

University of California Santa Barbara

University of Cambridge

University of Cape Town

University of Central Florida

University of Chicago

University of Chile

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Cincinnati

University of Colorado

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus:

University of Colorado Boulder

University of Colorado Denver

University of Connecticut

University of Copenhagen

University of East Anglia

University of Exeter

University of Freiburg

University of Geneva

University of Georgia

University of Glasgow

University of Gothenburg

University of Groningen

University of Hawaii Cancer Center

University of Helsinki

University of Iceland

University of Illinois at Chicago

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

University of Johannesburg

University of Kent

University of Konstanz

University of KwaZulu-Natal

University of Lausanne

University of Leeds

University of Leicester

University of Liverpool

University of Ljubljana

University of Louisiana at Lafayette

University of Manchester

University of Manitoba

University of Maryland

University of Massachusetts Amherst

University of Melbourne

University of Michigan

University of Milan

University of Minnesota

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

University of Montreal

University of Mumbai

University of Nebraska Medical Center

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

University of New England

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

University of Notre Dame

University of Nottingham

University of Nottingham Ningbo China

University of Oregon

University of Oslo

University of Otago

University of Oxford

University of Padova

University of Passau

University of Pennsylvania

University of Pittsburgh

University of Portsmouth

University of Potsdam

University of Quebec

University of Queensland

University of Reading

University of Regensburg

University of Sao Paolo

University of Science and Technology of China

University of Sheffield

University of South Dakota

University of Southern California

University of Southhampton

University of St. Gallen

University of Stuttgart

University of Surrey

University of Sussex

University of São Paulo

University of Tartu

University of Tasmania

University of Technology Sydney

University of Tennessee

University of Texas at San Antonio

University of Tokyo

University of Toronto

University of Trieste

University of Tsukuba

University of Utah

University of Vermont

University of Victoria

University of Vigo

University of Virginia

University of Washington

University of Waterloo

University of Western Cape

University of Wisconsin-Madison

University of Witwatersrand

University of Wollongong

University of Wolverhampton

University of Zurich

University of the Philippines Diliman

University of the Western Cape

University of the Witwatersrand

Université Grenoble Alpes

Université Toulouse II - Jean Jaurès

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (Paris 10)

Uppsala University

Utrecht University

VU University Amsterdam

Vanderbilt University

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre

Victoria University of Wellington

Vietnam

Visualization

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center

WPI International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics

WPI Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe

Wageningen University

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

Waseda University

Washington State University

Washington University School of Medicine

Weizmann Institute of Science

Wellcome Trust

West Turkana Archaeological Project

Western University

Westlake University

Wisconsin National Primate Research Center

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

World Health Organization

World Intellectual Property Organisation

Wuhan Branch

Wuhan Institute of Virology

Wuhan University

Xerox

Xiamen University

Xinjiang Institute of Geography and Ecology

Xinjiang University

Xi’an Jiao Tong University

Yale School of Medicine

Yale University

Yunnan University

Zambia

Zhejiang University

Zhengzhou University

Zurich

deCODE Genetics

global inequalities