2021 tables: Institutions

The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

Table criteria

# Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share* 2019–2020
1 Max Planck Society, Germany 768.01 794.12 2747 -0.3%
2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 730.01 712.21 4549 -5.9%
3 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany 489.97 582.72 2521 14.7%
4 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 456.30 459.87 1440 -2.8%
5 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 419.32 457.10 1441 5.1%
6 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 403.35 379.03 1058 -9.4%
7 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 268.84 260.31 630 -6.6%
8 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 221.20 254.01 962 10.7%
9 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia 197.50 236.27 935 15.4%
10 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 208.56 219.46 1268 1.5%
11 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 216.50 211.19 918 -5.9%
12 Leibniz Association, Germany 200.88 199.16 945 -4.4%
13 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 184.12 163.04 648 -14.6%
14 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 154.86 161.63 631 0.6%
15 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 151.43 158.63 664 1.0%
16 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 136.10 152.63 743 8.1%
17 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 146.03 148.33 569 -2.1%
18 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 150.74 143.50 656 -8.2%
19 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 136.43 143.13 652 1.2%
20 University of Münster (WWU), Germany 109.32 139.91 362 23.4%
21 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 138.80 138.84 626 -3.5%
22 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 134.55 137.02 469 -1.8%
23 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 124.28 131.50 634 2.0%
24 University of Würzburg (JMU), Germany 115.64 125.09 363 4.3%
25 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 93.13 117.05 493 21.2%
26 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 114.79 115.99 388 -2.6%
27 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 108.96 112.35 401 -0.6%
28 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 97.09 106.91 411 6.2%
29 Sorbonne University, France 111.94 105.87 1115 -8.8%
30 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 97.20 104.17 521 3.3%
31 University of Göttingen, Germany 101.35 103.94 376 -1.1%
32 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 90.57 103.91 310 10.6%
33 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom (UK) 93.29 100.92 776 4.3%
34 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain 104.17 100.43 384 -7.0%
35 Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), Germany 102.65 99.57 588 -6.5%
36 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 104.80 98.28 328 -9.6%
37 RWTH Aachen University (RWTH Aachen), Germany 102.31 97.84 401 -7.8%
38 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 83.10 95.86 421 11.2%
39 Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Czech Republic 93.57 95.10 438 -2.0%
40 TU Dresden, Germany 92.05 94.45 444 -1.1%
41 National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France 91.53 93.04 1144 -2.0%
42 Stockholm University, Sweden 82.46 91.67 497 7.2%
43 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 91.37 91.10 303 -3.9%
44 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 80.84 89.81 266 7.1%
45 The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), France 93.36 88.56 943 -8.5%
46 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 85.03 88.06 367 -0.1%
47 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 105.20 87.46 295 -19.8%
48 Leiden University, Netherlands 82.57 86.62 362 1.1%
49 King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK) 75.68 86.20 416 9.8%
50 Lund University (LU), Sweden 77.27 85.86 373 7.1%
51 University of Leeds, United Kingdom (UK) 72.41 82.93 297 10.4%
52 Durham University, United Kingdom (UK) 85.03 81.03 268 -8.1%
53 Paris Cité University, France 72.41 80.95 861 7.8%
54 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 75.76 80.63 320 2.6%
55 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 71.21 79.97 283 8.3%
56 University of Hamburg (UHH), Germany 91.88 79.71 437 -16.3%
57 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 68.37 77.66 416 9.5%
58 Université PSL, France 90.09 76.85 833 -17.8%
59 University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK) 75.96 76.43 335 -3.0%
60 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany 84.51 76.24 363 -13.0%
61 University of Vienna, Austria 86.40 76.22 303 -14.9%
62 University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands 89.28 76.18 584 -17.7%
63 Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Netherlands 74.16 75.33 498 -2.1%
64 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 77.55 75.30 352 -6.4%
65 University of Bern (UniBE), Switzerland 62.85 75.28 340 15.5%
66 Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany 83.98 75.26 291 -13.6%
67 Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 62.35 74.99 375 16.0%
68 The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK) 73.57 74.31 334 -2.6%
69 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK) 86.06 73.00 407 -18.2%
70 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 74.08 70.67 417 -8.0%
71 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 64.91 70.18 242 4.3%
72 University of Regensburg (UR), Germany 79.91 69.98 174 -15.6%
73 Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), Germany 59.06 68.42 568 11.7%
74 Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), United Kingdom (UK) 55.96 68.42 303 17.9%
75 University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany 72.19 68.34 332 -8.7%
76 The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) 79.55 66.23 270 -19.7%
77 University of Cologne (UoC), Germany 71.75 65.86 268 -11.5%
78 Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 68.24 65.48 158 -7.5%
79 University of Helsinki, Finland 64.79 64.71 406 -3.7%
80 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 45.50 64.70 200 37.1%
81 University of Lyon, France 62.60 63.97 460 -1.5%
82 The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK) 52.77 63.62 233 16.2%
83 Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany 56.42 63.47 210 8.5%
84 University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK) 60.96 62.04 243 -1.9%
85 University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK) 62.18 61.50 363 -4.6%
86 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 50.68 60.58 302 15.3%
87 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 65.56 60.36 411 -11.2%
88 University of Birmingham (UB), United Kingdom (UK) 63.54 59.94 341 -9.0%
89 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Switzerland 47.80 59.77 144 20.6%
90 University of Paris-Sud (UPSud), France 69.37 59.35 668 -17.5%
91 The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 51.50 58.84 179 10.2%
92 Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Germany 58.63 58.63 212 -3.6%
93 Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland 52.25 58.31 266 7.6%
94 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 54.21 54.99 323 -2.2%
95 University of Strasbourg, France 59.04 54.35 407 -11.2%
96 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Germany 47.13 52.86 349 8.1%
97 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland 53.23 51.66 345 -6.4%
98 Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Netherlands 44.56 50.88 201 10.1%
99 Philipps University of Marburg (Uni Marburg), Germany 57.49 50.77 143 -14.8%
100 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Hungary 32.83 50.76 310 49.1%
101 University of St Andrews, United Kingdom (UK) 55.87 49.26 198 -15.0%
102 The University of Dublin, Ireland 41.90 49.17 174 13.1%
103 VU Amsterdam, Netherlands 44.80 49.16 456 5.8%
104 University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden 39.30 48.76 208 19.6%
105 University of Toulouse, France 51.59 48.35 395 -9.6%
106 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 43.78 48.06 337 5.8%
107 University of Kiel (CAU), Germany 42.32 47.65 195 8.6%
108 Pasteur Institute, France 33.92 47.50 274 35.0%
109 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 46.19 47.10 206 -1.7%
110 Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Germany 41.27 46.87 234 9.5%
111 University of Konstanz, Germany 52.51 46.70 108 -14.3%
112 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 46.19 46.65 353 -2.6%
113 Cardiff University, United Kingdom (UK) 49.24 46.64 192 -8.7%
114 Aix-Marseille University (AMU), France 45.61 46.48 419 -1.7%
115 University of Bayreuth (UBT), Germany 39.92 46.13 119 11.4%
116 University of Montpellier, France 43.83 46.10 394 1.4%
117 Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Italy 46.21 44.61 245 -6.9%
118 Leibniz University Hannover (LUH), Germany 33.59 44.50 120 27.7%
119 Newcastle University, United Kingdom (UK) 53.67 43.91 196 -21.1%
120 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 40.77 43.23 171 2.2%
121 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 35.26 42.85 300 17.2%
122 Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium 34.84 42.63 193 18.0%
123 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 44.80 42.60 169 -8.3%
124 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 41.02 42.15 240 -0.9%
125 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 31.72 41.55 221 26.3%
126 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 43.02 39.94 202 -10.5%
127 National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Italy 30.80 39.60 161 24.0%
128 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), Germany 28.57 38.96 152 31.5%
129 National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), France 42.50 38.71 565 -12.2%
130 University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Germany 33.10 38.65 140 12.6%
131 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 24.94 38.16 233 47.5%
132 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 46.00 38.03 532 -20.3%
133 Aalto University, Finland 38.39 37.62 232 -5.5%
134 University of Stuttgart, Germany 37.45 37.49 129 -3.5%
135 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 27.28 37.39 167 32.2%
136 University of Bordeaux, France 36.23 37.11 279 -1.2%
137 Linköping University (LiU), Sweden 39.69 36.78 113 -10.6%
138 University of York, United Kingdom (UK) 40.74 36.49 175 -13.6%
139 University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain 36.39 36.48 179 -3.3%
140 Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain 29.53 36.39 306 18.8%
141 University of Bath, United Kingdom (UK) 31.13 36.28 125 12.4%
142 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 32.39 35.98 213 7.1%
143 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 50.31 35.20 332 -32.5%
144 Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Austria 22.70 34.76 82 47.7%
145 University of Bremen (Uni Bremen), Germany 27.59 34.36 129 20.1%
146 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Austria 32.35 34.24 256 2.1%
147 Leipzig University, Germany 33.07 34.17 183 -0.4%
148 Ulm University, Germany 37.67 34.17 152 -12.5%
149 NWO-I, the Institutes Organisation of NWO, Netherlands 28.84 32.71 320 9.3%
150 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 22.02 32.45 264 42.1%
151 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 37.23 32.41 147 -16.1%
152 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 32.67 32.00 305 -5.6%
153 University of Twente (UTwente), Netherlands 27.78 31.53 92 9.4%
154 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 31.88 31.08 182 -6.0%
155 Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Germany 30.30 30.64 131 -2.5%
156 TU Dortmund University, Germany 35.12 30.50 157 -16.2%
157 Lancaster University, United Kingdom (UK) 27.19 30.30 173 7.4%
158 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Switzerland 32.75 30.05 104 -11.5%
159 Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France 32.82 29.87 572 -12.3%
160 University of Sussex, United Kingdom (UK) 23.99 29.22 129 17.4%
161 University of Bergen (UIB), Norway 33.84 29.21 246 -16.8%
162 University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy 34.74 29.07 218 -19.3%
163 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Switzerland 30.33 28.32 100 -10.0%
164 Wellcome Sanger Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 36.66 28.20 207 -25.8%
165 Bielefeld University, Germany 20.06 27.89 66 34.1%
166 AstraZeneca plc, United Kingdom (UK) 30.15 27.57 135 -11.8%
167 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 26.35 27.57 275 0.9%
168 Saarland University (Saar-Uni), Germany 27.95 26.86 93 -7.4%
169 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Germany 24.15 26.81 136 7.0%
170 Queen's University Belfast (QUB), United Kingdom (UK) 27.31 26.30 104 -7.1%
171 National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA), France 27.16 26.21 258 -7.0%
172 Giessen University (JLU), Germany 28.17 26.08 178 -10.7%
173 Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Netherlands 22.94 26.03 163 9.4%
174 Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Belgium 24.12 25.87 159 3.4%
175 University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (UK) 22.48 25.74 101 10.4%
176 University of Potsdam, Germany 28.35 25.51 154 -13.2%
177 Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain 26.09 24.91 259 -7.9%
178 Umeå University (UMU), Sweden 22.80 24.78 126 4.8%
179 Novartis International AG, Switzerland 39.09 24.63 97 -39.3%
180 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 19.30 24.56 188 22.7%
181 University of Oldenburg, Germany 11.71 24.55 64 102.1%
182 University of Oviedo (UniOvi), Spain 20.40 24.54 163 16.0%
183 Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia 27.26 23.82 102 -15.7%
184 Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy 29.44 23.77 96 -22.1%
185 University of Pisa (UNIPI), Italy 20.21 23.73 250 13.2%
186 University of Leicester, United Kingdom (UK) 21.17 23.72 113 8.1%
187 Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Austria 19.04 23.62 88 19.6%
188 National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRCKI), Russia 23.65 23.37 263 -4.7%
189 University of Turin (UNITO), Italy 21.92 23.33 251 2.6%
190 University of Liège (ULg), Belgium 23.22 23.03 104 -4.4%
191 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France 24.93 22.98 138 -11.1%
192 University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark 20.97 22.47 123 3.3%
193 Swansea University, United Kingdom (UK) 18.16 22.46 84 19.2%
194 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - State University (MIPT), Russia 15.51 22.19 196 37.9%
195 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Russia 13.73 22.00 97 54.5%
196 University of East Anglia (UEA), United Kingdom (UK) 24.58 21.91 108 -14.0%
197 University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland 14.42 21.84 176 46.0%
198 Masaryk University (MU), Czech Republic 19.26 21.64 118 8.3%
199 University of Fribourg (UNIFR), Switzerland 31.07 21.54 95 -33.2%
200 University of Iceland, Iceland 15.84 21.21 87 29.1%
201 University of Dundee, United Kingdom (UK) 25.30 21.20 100 -19.2%
202 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy 16.23 21.17 166 25.8%
203 ITMO National Research University (ITMO University), Russia 15.51 21.10 63 31.2%
204 University of Granada (UGR), Spain 22.59 21.09 137 -10.0%
205 National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Italy 18.02 20.91 70 11.8%
206 University of Lorraine (UL), France 16.31 20.79 126 22.9%
207 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 20.27 20.78 134 -1.1%
208 Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain 20.56 20.62 331 -3.3%
209 GlaxoSmithKline plc. (GSK), United Kingdom (UK) 12.46 20.43 87 58.1%
210 University of Reading, United Kingdom (UK) 29.83 20.23 95 -34.6%
211 John Innes Centre (JIC), United Kingdom (UK) 18.77 20.22 58 3.8%
212 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden 20.38 20.08 103 -5.0%
213 Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Austria 24.50 19.99 151 -21.3%
214 Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy 20.27 19.95 97 -5.1%
215 Technical University Braunschweig (TU Braunschweig), Germany 21.87 19.34 78 -14.7%
216 University of Turku (UTU), Finland 19.06 19.27 98 -2.6%
217 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France 15.48 19.07 217 18.8%
218 University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal 20.22 18.99 69 -9.5%
219 University of Trento (UNITN), Italy 15.45 18.84 193 17.5%
220 Fraunhofer Society, Germany 22.73 18.75 142 -20.5%
221 University of Siegen, Germany 20.83 18.66 88 -13.6%
222 Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), Austria 22.11 18.40 69 -19.7%
223 University of Salerno (UNISA), Italy 13.41 18.25 87 31.3%
224 Jozef Stefan Institute (IJS), Slovenia 12.02 17.81 122 42.8%
225 École Polytechnique, France 17.54 17.66 389 -2.9%
226 Maastricht University (UM), Netherlands 12.27 17.55 128 37.9%
227 The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), United Kingdom (UK) 10.37 17.28 90 60.6%
228 University of Zaragoza (Unizar), Spain 15.76 17.25 112 5.6%
229 Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium 21.18 17.12 154 -22.0%
230 Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Netherlands 17.79 17.04 125 -7.6%
231 University of Wrocław (UWr), Poland 18.48 17.03 61 -11.2%
232 Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany 14.76 16.99 107 11.0%
233 University of Girona (UdG), Spain 16.73 16.66 52 -4.0%
234 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Russia 15.36 16.35 210 2.6%
235 University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy 14.39 16.24 159 8.8%
236 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland 14.69 16.23 85 6.5%
237 University of Tartu (UT), Estonia 12.96 16.15 89 20.2%
238 University of Rennes 1, France 18.80 16.13 145 -17.3%
239 Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Netherlands 20.90 15.65 101 -27.8%
240 University of Salamanca (USAL), Spain 10.27 15.62 48 46.6%
241 Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom (UK) 26.11 15.28 75 -43.6%
242 Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Spain 12.19 15.21 60 20.3%
243 Met Office, United Kingdom (UK) 9.82 15.06 64 47.8%
244 Rudjer Boskovic Institute (RBI), Croatia 12.01 15.04 123 20.7%
245 University of Rostock, Germany 16.19 15.01 82 -10.7%
246 University of Graz (Uni Graz), Austria 14.63 14.95 53 -1.5%
247 University of Lille Nord de France, France 16.82 14.87 134 -14.8%
248 Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Spain 12.15 14.80 138 17.5%
249 Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Spain 14.32 14.77 65 -0.5%
250 Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Russia 14.48 14.58 188 -2.9%
251 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA), Greece 15.90 14.51 171 -12.0%
252 Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain 11.92 14.50 92 17.4%
253 University of Trieste (UNITS), Italy 9.59 14.38 167 44.6%
254 University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT), Czech Republic 19.76 14.36 31 -29.9%
255 University of Murcia (UMU), Spain 10.96 14.30 41 25.9%
256 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (AMU), Poland 11.23 14.26 60 22.5%
257 University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Norway 18.56 14.17 73 -26.4%
258 University of Pavia (UNIPV), Italy 15.27 14.12 204 -10.8%
259 Collège de France, France 12.85 13.92 164 4.5%
260 University of Surrey, United Kingdom (UK) 13.46 13.81 66 -1.1%
261 University of Porto (UP), Portugal 13.05 13.80 117 2.0%
262 Oncode Institute, Netherlands 14.82 13.43 98 -12.6%
263 University of Augsburg, Germany 8.70 13.37 44 48.2%
264 University of Nantes, France 10.44 13.31 163 22.9%
265 Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary 6.14 13.28 47 108.4%
266 University of Genova, Italy 8.52 13.11 204 48.2%
267 University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 13.10 13.09 47 -3.7%
268 University of Parma (UNIPR), Italy 9.15 13.08 64 37.7%
269 University of London - Royal Holloway (RHUL), United Kingdom (UK) 12.80 13.01 120 -2.0%
270 University of Seville (US), Spain 14.05 12.84 100 -11.9%
271 University of Greifswald, Germany 11.53 12.82 58 7.2%
272 University of La Laguna (ULL), Spain 12.10 12.60 84 0.4%
273 Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary 12.30 12.49 125 -2.1%
274 University of Limerick (UL), Ireland 10.11 12.47 35 18.9%
275 Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Italy 9.12 12.41 153 31.1%
276 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), United Kingdom (UK) 7.12 12.38 72 67.5%
277 University of Oulu, Finland 10.77 12.26 76 9.8%
278 Johannes Kepler University of Linz (JKU), Austria 4.25 12.10 40 174.7%
279 University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (UK) 12.14 12.02 86 -4.5%
280 University of Crete (UOC), Greece 14.68 11.73 49 -23.0%
281 The Open University (OU), United Kingdom (UK) 9.42 11.61 56 18.8%
282 NERC British Antarctic Survey (BAS), United Kingdom (UK) 14.87 11.60 55 -24.8%
283 University of Aalborg (AAU), Denmark 7.92 11.49 53 39.9%
284 IMDEA Institutes, Spain 14.66 11.46 61 -24.6%
285 Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), France 11.36 11.40 90 -3.3%
286 European Commission (EC), Belgium 4.75 11.34 47 130.1%
287 Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), France 12.69 11.30 75 -14.2%
288 University of Lübeck, Germany 7.19 11.26 88 51.1%
289 Champalimaud Foundation, Portugal 10.89 11.21 25 -0.8%
290 Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Greece 12.28 11.13 46 -12.6%
291 University of Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern), Germany 12.33 11.02 45 -13.9%
292 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria 9.50 10.97 41 11.3%
293 Tampere University, Finland 18.08 10.95 177 -41.6%
294 Cancer Research UK (CRUK), United Kingdom (UK) 9.69 10.89 116 8.4%
295 Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Belgium 7.03 10.66 39 46.3%
296 University of Debrecen, Hungary 10.11 10.64 95 1.5%
297 Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP), France 15.43 10.53 235 -34.2%
298 Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Spain 10.01 10.46 51 0.7%
299 Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (OUH), United Kingdom (UK) 8.17 10.45 136 23.2%
300 Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Germany 8.65 10.42 51 16.1%
301 Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria 6.19 10.31 39 60.5%
302 Paderborn University, Germany 7.00 10.22 31 40.8%
303 Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), Italy 4.99 10.21 33 97.2%
304 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Switzerland 9.90 10.20 106 -0.7%
305 Gulbenkian Science Institute (IGC), Portugal 6.88 10.13 31 42.0%
306 NERC National Oceanography Centre (NOC), United Kingdom (UK) 7.00 10.12 66 39.3%
307 University of Alcalá (UAH), Spain 10.53 10.05 43 -7.9%
308 University Institute of France (IUF), France 5.59 10.05 117 73.2%
309 Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy 7.72 9.95 65 24.3%
310 Constructor University, Germany 9.66 9.72 27 -2.9%
311 National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Ireland 8.88 9.72 47 5.6%
312 National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control (INRIA), France 5.51 9.68 464 69.3%
313 Jaume I University (UJI), Spain 10.34 9.53 58 -11.2%
314 Palacky University (PU), Czech Republic 17.28 9.52 92 -46.9%
315 French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer), France 6.32 9.48 77 44.6%
316 Sanofi, France 4.69 9.46 33 94.4%
317 University of Plymouth, United Kingdom (UK) 10.93 9.39 50 -17.2%
318 University of Kent, United Kingdom (UK) 8.12 9.36 35 11.1%
319 National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Greece 5.22 9.32 124 72.4%
320 The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Ukraine 7.44 9.26 174 20.0%
321 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Germany 8.11 9.18 87 9.1%
322 Loughborough University, United Kingdom (UK) 9.36 9.15 53 -5.8%
323 Bangor University, United Kingdom (UK) 5.64 9.14 36 56.4%
324 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France 7.43 9.14 157 18.6%
325 Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy 7.71 9.09 44 13.6%
326 Natural History Museum, United Kingdom (UK) 9.51 9.01 58 -8.6%
327 Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway 7.87 8.97 30 9.8%
328 University of Osnabrück (Uni Osnabrück), Germany 5.84 8.93 27 47.4%
329 Wrocław University of Science and Technology (WRUT), Poland 5.33 8.89 39 60.7%
330 University of Salzburg, Austria 4.37 8.88 27 96.1%
331 University of Perugia, Italy 5.99 8.85 155 42.5%
332 University of Valladolid (UVa), Spain 5.31 8.83 30 60.2%
333 University of Minho (UM), Portugal 7.05 8.83 82 20.7%
334 University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), France 11.45 8.79 289 -25.9%
335 University of Vigo (UVIGO), Spain 5.79 8.79 39 46.3%
336 University of Mons (UMONS), Belgium 10.85 8.76 33 -22.1%
337 CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Spain 8.87 8.74 34 -5.0%
338 New University of Lisbon (UNL), Portugal 8.18 8.66 79 2.1%
339 University of Silesia (US), Poland 9.07 8.60 30 -8.6%
340 Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Switzerland 9.35 8.58 36 -11.4%
341 University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom (UK) 5.66 8.56 46 45.8%
342 University of Bari Aldo Moro (UniBA), Italy 9.42 8.49 166 -13.1%
343 BASF SE, Germany 6.53 8.45 43 24.6%
344 University Clermont Auvergne, France 9.21 8.43 170 -11.8%
345 Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain 8.42 54 N/A
346 National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom (UK) 7.07 8.38 45 14.3%
347 Babraham Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 9.82 8.35 32 -18.0%
348 University of Coimbra (UC), Portugal 10.06 8.33 100 -20.2%
349 University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Spain 10.40 8.31 43 -23.0%
350 University of Neuchâtel (UniNE), Switzerland 7.06 8.25 24 12.7%
351 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany 10.67 8.03 25 -27.4%
352 Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Poland 4.32 8.00 18 78.6%
353 University of Hull, United Kingdom (UK) 9.74 7.99 37 -20.9%
354 University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain 5.21 7.96 59 47.5%
355 International Solvay Institutes, Belgium 9.04 7.81 37 -16.7%
356 Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Slovakia 6.66 7.76 106 12.3%
357 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany 6.54 7.75 29 14.2%
358 University of Alicante (UA), Spain 6.36 7.74 53 17.3%
359 National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Italy 5.40 7.73 51 38.2%
360 Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom (UK) 4.77 7.63 31 54.3%
361 University of Málaga (UMA), Spain 7.72 7.61 42 -4.9%
362 Northumbria University, United Kingdom (UK) 4.96 7.53 36 46.2%
363 Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland 7.23 7.44 48 -0.8%
364 Pablo de Olavide University (UPO), Spain 4.88 7.33 37 44.7%
365 National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), France 10.06 7.32 154 -29.8%
366 Catalan Health Institute (ICS), Spain 10.09 7.24 94 -30.9%
367 AgroParisTech, France 6.10 7.20 232 13.9%
368 University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro" (UNIPMN), Italy 5.05 7.12 127 36.1%
369 ALBA Synchrotron, Spain 4.52 7.00 49 49.3%
370 University of Savoy (USMB), France 8.79 6.99 196 -23.4%
371 University of Roma Tre, Italy 11.21 6.99 84 -39.9%
372 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria 7.54 6.95 46 -11.1%
373 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Italy 4.29 6.92 65 55.6%
374 University of Kassel, Germany 9.95 6.91 24 -33.0%
375 Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark 2.59 6.88 29 156.2%
376 University of Cantabria (UC), Spain 9.81 6.82 94 -33.0%
377 University of Insubria, Italy 4.65 6.77 41 40.5%
378 Vilnius University (VU), Lithuania 8.56 6.76 85 -23.9%
379 Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czech Republic 8.36 6.74 94 -22.3%
380 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), France 6.21 6.70 89 4.0%
381 Chemnitz University of Technology (TU Chemnitz), Germany 7.61 6.62 27 -16.1%
382 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands 10.44 6.59 40 -39.1%
383 University of Zagreb, Croatia 5.20 6.53 62 21.1%
384 Kazan Federal University (KFU), Russia 6.59 6.51 38 -4.7%
385 Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Germany 8.34 6.50 14 -24.9%
386 Ural Federal University (UrFU), Russia 10.09 6.45 36 -38.4%
387 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), France 8.65 6.37 63 -29.0%
388 France Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, France 6.64 6.34 117 -7.9%
389 King Juan Carlos University (URJC), Spain 4.81 6.34 23 27.0%
390 Bayer AG, Germany 5.68 6.31 35 7.2%
391 Birkbeck, University of London (BBK), United Kingdom (UK) 7.16 6.30 48 -15.2%
392 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Greece 7.06 6.29 62 -14.1%
393 Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering, Spain 4.55 6.29 30 33.2%
394 Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities, Germany 4.38 6.26 77 37.9%
395 World Health Organization (WHO), Switzerland 4.76 6.26 62 26.9%
396 Comenius University in Bratislava (UK), Slovakia 4.25 6.22 98 41.1%
397 University of Burgos (UBU), Spain 2.45 6.20 13 144.5%
398 University of Hohenheim, Germany 4.41 6.17 21 35.0%
399 Academy of Athens, Greece 2.11 6.15 23 180.6%
400 University of Cagliari (UNICA), Italy 7.95 6.15 78 -25.4%
401 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Poland 10.19 6.13 146 -42.0%
402 International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal 3.89 6.12 30 51.8%
403 Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland 8.30 6.11 33 -29.1%
404 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (UK) 5.29 6.07 109 10.7%
405 National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Russia 5.72 6.07 80 2.3%
406 University of Szeged (SZTE), Hungary 5.08 6.03 32 14.4%
407 Telethon Foundation, Italy 6.22 6.03 27 -6.5%
408 German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Germany 6.77 6.02 11 -14.2%
409 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Germany 3.82 6.00 20 51.3%
410 University of Wuppertal, Germany 6.90 5.98 80 -16.4%
411 University of Ioannina (UOI), Greece 5.41 5.96 82 6.2%
412 NHS Lothian, United Kingdom (UK) 6.08 5.88 87 -6.8%
413 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Switzerland 8.67 5.87 37 -34.6%
414 AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Poland 6.77 5.86 157 -16.7%
415 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), United Kingdom (UK) 9.26 5.84 26 -39.2%
416 Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Spain 5.96 5.76 30 -6.7%
417 C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG (Boehringer Ingelheim), Germany 7.63 5.74 21 -27.4%
418 University of Verona (UNIVR), Italy 7.93 5.68 43 -30.9%
419 Ligue Contre Le Cancer, France 2.90 5.65 42 87.9%
420 Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), France 3.90 5.64 64 39.5%
421 NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), United Kingdom (UK) 4.19 5.63 46 29.7%
422 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Russia 5.25 5.56 162 2.0%
423 National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece 5.38 5.55 120 -0.6%
424 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Finland 6.14 5.55 91 -12.9%
425 University of Belgrade, Serbia 9.71 5.46 127 -45.7%
426 University of Patras, Greece 3.66 5.45 26 43.3%
427 CY Cergy Paris University, France 6.11 5.44 45 -14.1%
428 University of Burgundy, France 5.74 5.43 57 -8.9%
429 Tomsk State University (TSU), Russia 6.09 5.42 123 -14.2%
430 Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain 9.71 5.37 37 -46.6%
431 Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Spain 4.45 5.34 37 15.7%
432 University of Navarra (UNAV), Spain 7.32 5.27 30 -30.6%
433 Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria 5.20 5.26 72 -2.5%
434 Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), Russia 1.06 5.26 10 378.8%
435 Germany Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), Germany 1.19 5.24 32 324.1%
436 British Geological Survey (BGS), United Kingdom (UK) 5.29 5.23 39 -4.7%
437 University of A Coruña (UDC), Spain 6.17 5.22 18 -18.4%
438 Ilmenau University of Technology (TU Ilmenau), Germany 2.80 5.21 11 79.3%
439 Gustave Eiffel University, France 5.83 5.19 79 -14.2%
440 NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), United Kingdom (UK) 5.59 5.18 25 -10.6%
441 University of Catania, Italy 5.47 5.16 134 -9.1%
442 Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland 5.49 5.11 89 -10.3%
443 University of Rouen, France 4.06 5.10 46 21.1%
444 University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland 7.11 5.04 66 -31.7%
445 University of Ferrara (UNIFE), Italy 3.74 5.02 77 29.4%
446 University of Namur (UNamur), Belgium 5.19 4.96 19 -7.9%
447 European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH (XFEL), Germany 2.77 4.90 38 70.8%
448 University of La Rioja (UR), Spain 3.15 4.87 15 49.4%
449 Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland 3.93 4.83 27 18.5%
450 Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Spain 7.05 4.81 21 -34.2%
451 Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT), France 2.37 4.79 248 94.7%
452 Medical University of Graz (Med Uni Graz), Austria 5.39 4.79 34 -14.5%
453 University of Orléans, France 7.95 4.76 61 -42.3%
454 Royal Veterinary College, University of London (RVC), United Kingdom (UK) 1.78 4.76 32 158.0%
455 University of Essex, United Kingdom (UK) 7.29 4.67 21 -38.3%
456 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Netherlands 5.04 4.66 25 -10.7%
457 Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M), Spain 2.88 4.65 23 55.5%
458 Caen University (UNICAEN), France 4.41 4.64 50 1.4%
459 University of Palermo (UNIPA), Italy 2.46 4.63 73 81.5%
460 European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL), Germany 3.40 4.60 42 30.5%
461 University of Angers, France 4.49 4.60 53 -1.1%
462 Le Mans University, France 4.84 4.54 26 -9.6%
463 Brno University of Technology (BUT), Czech Republic 2.86 4.51 73 52.3%
464 Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), Germany 3.64 4.50 24 19.1%
465 Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS), Poland 3.53 4.48 12 22.3%
466 University of Calabria (UNICAL), Italy 8.11 4.46 79 -47.0%
467 Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), United Kingdom (UK) 6.84 4.43 33 -37.5%
468 Institute Gustave-Roussy (IGR), France 4.41 4.42 50 -3.3%
469 University of Camerino (UNICAM), Italy 1.95 4.42 37 118.5%
470 Norway Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, Norway 4.91 4.38 55 -13.9%
471 Peoples Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Russia 1.39 4.29 19 197.9%
472 Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Italy 3.92 4.27 32 4.9%
473 Total S.A., France 1.55 4.25 19 163.5%
474 Norwegian Research Centre AS (NORCE), Norway 3.96 4.24 52 3.3%
475 University of Siena (UNISI), Italy 5.62 4.23 102 -27.5%
476 Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Italy 2.64 4.20 75 53.5%
477 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), United Kingdom (UK) 4.43 4.20 14 -8.6%
478 Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), France 4.71 4.19 188 -14.4%
479 Keele University, United Kingdom (UK) 2.83 4.15 32 41.5%
480 Royal Dutch Shell plc (Shell), Netherlands 2.31 4.14 19 72.7%
481 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Denmark 3.87 4.13 20 2.7%
482 University of Brescia (UNIBS), Italy 3.78 4.12 51 5.2%
483 National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Russia 6.85 4.06 70 -42.8%
484 University of Poitiers, France 5.64 4.03 26 -31.0%
485 Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Netherlands 3.38 4.02 11 14.7%
486 Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland 4.83 4.00 115 -20.2%
487 European Space Agency (ESA), France 3.93 3.93 24 -3.5%
488 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria 9.68 3.91 102 -61.1%
489 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg 5.42 3.90 12 -30.6%
490 Semmelweis University (SE), Hungary 4.87 3.89 34 -23.0%
491 Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Spain 2.70 3.85 36 37.2%
492 Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Lithuania 2.89 3.83 10 27.7%
493 Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS), France 2.29 3.82 182 60.9%
494 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN HH), Romania 4.47 3.82 118 -17.5%
495 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (NCU), Poland 2.07 3.81 17 77.4%
496 University of Udine (UNIUD), Italy 2.47 3.76 80 46.9%
497 Rigshospitalet, Denmark 4.18 3.76 90 -13.3%
498 San Pablo CEU University (USPCEU), Spain 0.11 3.71 12 3020.3%
499 National Graduate School of Engineering and Research Center (ENSICAEN), France 3.90 3.71 42 -8.2%
500 Southern Federal University (SFedU), Russia 3.48 3.63 18 0.4%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals through 2022, in 2023 64 health-science journals were added to the Index. The 146 journals in the Nature Index were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2022 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.