2017 tables: Countries/territories

The 2017 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016.

Table criteria

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# Country/territory Share 2015 Share 2016 Count 2016 Change in Adjusted Share* 2015–2016
1 Germany 4682.20 4518.93 8291 -1.0%
2 United Kingdom (UK) 3807.94 3738.29 7296 0.7%
3 France 2440.45 2329.55 4850 -2.1%
4 Switzerland 1348.57 1350.52 2931 2.7%
5 Spain 1205.47 1213.89 2626 3.3%
6 Italy 1183.33 1046.13 2479 -9.3%
7 Netherlands 869.66 936.97 2219 10.5%
8 Sweden 661.59 585.69 1610 -9.2%
9 Belgium 416.51 455.01 1112 12.0%
10 Russia 388.36 398.22 1244 5.2%
11 Denmark 373.80 395.92 1048 8.6%
12 Austria 321.49 335.24 1048 6.9%
13 Poland 248.48 207.09 748 -14.5%
14 Finland 222.94 204.59 626 -5.9%
15 Czech Republic 161.02 171.74 568 9.4%
16 Norway 152.89 162.10 595 8.7%
17 Portugal 144.42 141.68 500 0.6%
18 Ireland 128.03 133.32 426 6.8%
19 Greece 104.04 88.46 389 -12.8%
20 Hungary 90.35 77.32 323 -12.2%
21 Slovenia 47.31 36.16 182 -21.6%
22 Ukraine 32.94 27.52 205 -14.3%
23 Romania 27.43 25.28 216 -5.5%
24 Iceland 23.92 23.08 98 -1.1%
25 Estonia 18.42 22.16 154 23.4%
26 Croatia 20.57 21.07 160 5.1%
27 Luxembourg 9.32 20.57 55 126.5%
28 Cyprus 16.82 18.39 87 12.1%
29 Slovakia 13.10 11.30 137 -11.5%
30 Serbia 16.15 11.25 156 -28.5%
31 Lithuania 9.83 9.83 91 2.6%
32 Bulgaria 10.47 9.67 114 -5.2%
33 Belarus 4.41 5.20 139 20.9%
34 Latvia 4.93 3.42 29 -28.7%
35 Macedonia 0.16 2.15 4 1312.5%
36 Moldova 2.08 1.57 14 -22.5%
37 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.61 1.51 8 153.6%
38 Monaco 2.59 1.44 9 -43.0%
39 Malta 1.95 0.58 4 -69.6%
40 Vatican City State (Holy See) 0.13 0.08 2 -31.0%
41 Montenegro 0.06 0.03 2 -48.8%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals through 2022, in 2023 64 health-science journals were added to the Index. The 146 journals in the Nature Index were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2022 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.


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